Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 47, Number 5, January 31, 2020

- Cover

- Masthead

- LaRouche PAC Statement Trump at Davos: Optimism, Not Pessimism!

- PDF edition Table of Contents — Volume 47, Number 5, January 31, 2020

- I. Transcending a Dark Age

- The Dome of Florence: A Paradigm for Economic Development by Bruce Director

- Brunelleschi and the Quantization of Space by Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. (1988)

- Remarks by President Trump at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland

- II. Death Throes of Empire

- WHY WE FIGHT A Patriot’s Guide Through Day Four of the Impeachment Trial (5 Biggest Lies So Far) by Barbara Boyd

- Mike Bloomberg: The Dossier by Barbara Boyd

- BOOK REVIEW You Won’t ‘Jump-Start America’ Without the American System and The Moon-Mars Mission by Paul Gallagher

Trump at Davos

Optimism, Not Pessimism!

Founder: Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. (1922–2019)

Editor-in-Chief: Helga Zepp-LaRouche

Co-Editors: Marcia Merry Baker, Paul Gallagher, Robert Ingraham, Tony Papert

Managing Editor: Stephanie Ezrol

Editorial Staff: David Cherry, Charles Notley

Technology: Marsha Freeman

Transcriptions: Katherine Notley

Ebooks: Richard Burden

Graphics: Alan Yue

Photos: Stuart Lewis

Circulation Manager: Stanley Ezrol

INTELLIGENCE DIRECTORS

Asia: Michael Billington

Economics: Marcia Merry Baker, Paul Gallagher

History: Anton Chaitkin

Ibero-America: Dennis Small

United States: Debra Freeman

INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS

Berlin: Rainer Apel

Copenhagen: Tom Gillesberg

Lima: Sara Madueño

Melbourne: Robert Barwick

Mexico City: Gerardo Castilleja Chávez

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Paris: Christine Bierre

Stockholm: Ulf Sandmark

United Nations, N.Y.C.: Richard Black, Leni Rubinstein

Washington, D.C.: William Jones

Wiesbaden: Göran Haglund

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LaRouche PAC Statement

Trump at Davos:

Optimism, Not Pessimism!

This is the text of a leaflet now being circulated by LaRouche PAC.

Jan. 26—President Donald Trump raised the political temperature of the planet this week by several degrees when he set fire to the hides of the 119 Greenie billionaires and their banker, politician, media and university lackeys assembled at the 50th World Economic Forum, in Davos, Switzerland. “This is not a time for pessimism; this is a time for optimism. Fear and doubt is not a good thought process because this is a time for tremendous hope and joy and optimism and action,” Trump said.

. . . [W]e must reject the perennial prophets of doom and their predictions of the apocalypse. They are the heirs of yesterday’s foolish fortune-tellers. . . . They predicted an overpopulation crisis in the 1960s, mass starvation in the ’70s, and an end of oil in the 1990s. . . . In America, we understand what the pessimists refuse to see: that a growing and vibrant market economy focused on the future lifts the human spirit and excites creativity strong enough to overcome any challenge—any challenge by far. . . .

The Davos conference was most notable for the open association of billionaire bankers with ecologists. The last time such an alliance was so nakedly forged was when British central banker Montagu Norman and German central banker Hjalmar Schacht formed the Bank for International Settlements in Switzerland in 1930 to bring the Austrian “green hippie” Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist Party to power.

The Schiller Institute’s Helga Zepp-LaRouche, who commissioned a book-length study in 1984 to expose the link between modern environmentalism and population reduction titled The Hitler Book, said: “The form it takes is that, for example, there was . . . a German-Austrian-Swiss TV program, on Davos, where the leadership of Greenpeace said, ‘Well, you know it was really wrong to fight against these elites. We should work with them to establish the Green agenda.’ Also, Micah White, who was one of the founders of the Occupy Wall Street movement, in an interview with BBC, said exactly the same thing: There is no point fighting the elite; one has to make an alliance with them to implement the green agenda.”

Among those in Trump’s audience were outgoing Governor of the Bank of England, Mark Carney, who called for “financial regime change” at Jackson Hole, Wyoming this past summer and Mike Bloomberg, whose $2 billion self-financed Presidential campaign is only being run to promote the depopulation agenda called the Green New Deal. The “Davos Billionaires Club” believes that the Earth is best served, by serving the “lower 80%” of the human race to the “upper 20%.”

Economist Lyndon LaRouche, from as early as his How the International Development Bank Will Work of 1975, through his Four Laws of 2014, proposed that the world has a “carrying capacity” of as many as 100 billion people or more, living at a higher standard and with less crowding than now, and with less damage to the planet as a whole! The reinstatement of the Glass-Steagall Act, Treasury Department-based issuance of national credit directed solely to physical production, a crash program to build advanced nuclear/thermonuclear electrical power generation capability, and the full adoption and funding of the Artemis space mission to the Moon and Mars, are the first steps to a true national economic recovery.

‘New Silk Road’ of World Cooperation

In Davos, President Trump sought to negate the pessimistic world vision of his audience by observing:

For anyone who doubts what is possible in the future, we need only look at the towering achievements of the past. . . . Centuries ago, at the time of the Renaissance, skilled craftsmen and laborers looked upwards and built the structures that still touch the human heart. To this day, some of the greatest structures in the world have been built hundreds of years ago.

In Italy, the citizens once started construction on what would be a 140-year project, the Duomo of Florence. . . . While the technology did not yet exist to complete their design, city fathers forged ahead anyway, certain that they would figure it out someday. These citizens of Florence did not accept limits to their high aspirations and so the Great Dome was finally built.

For more than 30 years, LaRouche used the Great Dome of Florence as the metaphor expressing the Idea of Progress—why the world needs more people, and why there are no limits to growth. Today’s “Florentine Dome” project-equivalent need not take 140 years. We can build a new culture, capable of simultaneously taking humanity back to the Moon, on to Mars, and away from poverty, even eradicating it worldwide within the next 25 to 30 years. But if President Trump is illegally removed from office, and the United States turned into a British parliamentary democracy, that will become impossible. The United States Presidency as an institution, and the Constitution itself, would be mortally wounded.

Today, there is an illegal, unconstitutional attempt to remove Donald Trump from the Presidency of the United States for his oft-stated intent to work with the leaderships of Russia and China to end world war and create prosperity wherever possible. President Trump needs to sit down at the earliest possible date with his friends, President Vladimir Putin and President Xi Jinping, for a summit conference on peace through development of the physical-economic platform worldwide, in every nation. The United States, joining the multi-continental Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and returning the American worker to new, advanced technology—to manufacture small modular nuclear reactors, laser machine-tools, agricultural and transportation machinery, and family farm-based food production—is the “New Silk Road” of world cooperation. The billionaire Malthusians want Trump gone before he does this, and that is the only reason that the illegal impeachment is going forward in the United States.

President John Kennedy once said: “I look forward to the day when America is no longer afraid of grace and beauty.” Donald Trump, in his reference to the Great Dome of Florence, at the Davos Conference, indicated his willingness to ask the world, and the United States, to not be afraid. It should fall to this generation of Americans, and world-citizens, in this Presidency, at this time, to now bring JFK’s and Lyndon LaRouche’s visions to fruition, so that the ghost of their aspirations for mankind might finally be freed from the limbo of our inaction.

EIR Contents

www.larouchepub.com — Volume 47, Number 5, January 31, 2020

Cover This Week

Pixabay/David Mark

The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, topped by Brunelleschi’s dome, in Florence, Italy.

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TRUMP AT DAVOS

OPTIMISM, NOT PESSIMISM!

2 LAROUCHE PAC STATEMENT

Trump at Davos: Optimism, Not Pessimism!

I. TRANSCENDING A DARK AGE

5 The Dome of Florence: A Paradigm for Economic Development

by Bruce Director

11 Brunelleschi and the Quantization of Space

by Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr.

December 20, 1988

17 Remarks at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland

President Donald J. Trump

II. DEATH THROES OF EMPIRE

23 WHY WE FIGHT

A Patriot’s Guide Through Day Four of the Impeachment Trial

(5 Biggest Lies So Far)

by Barbara Boyd

28 Mike Bloomberg: The Dossier

by Barbara Boyd

35 BOOK REVIEW

You Won’t ‘Jump-Start America’ Without the American System and the Moon-Mars Mission

by Paul Gallagher

The Jan. 27, 1989 Jailing of Lyndon LaRouche

Defined an Era, Which Now Must End

Watch The LaRouche Case video

Watch the LaRouche Memorial video

Sign the Petition to Exonerate LaRouche

at lpac.co/exonerate

I. Transcending a Dark Age

The Dome of Florence: A Paradigm for Economic Development

by Bruce Director

White House/Shealah Craighead

President Donald J. Trump at the 50th Annual World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, on January 21, 2020.

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President Trump flanked his Democratic Party impeachers and indeed surprised everyone, by travelling to Davos, Switzerland to deliver an address to the World Economic Forum. In his speech (see page 17 of this issue), Mr. Trump said, “This is not a time for pessimism, this is a time for optimism,” and spoke about the construction of the cupola of the Cathedral of Florence, for which the technology did not even exist when the Cathedral was first designed, 140 years before the dome was complete. The citizens of Florence did not accept limits to their high aspirations; the engineering problem was solved, and the dome was built.

This is the edited transcript of Bruce Director’s remarks concerning the Dome and its conceptual father, Brunelleschi, from the weekly Fireside Chat of January 23, 2020. Subheads and embedded links have been added. The full program is available on www.larouchepac.com or via the YouTube link provided here. Readers can view a further development of the idea, which was presented by Bruce Director on January 25, as the second speaker during the “Saturday Dialogue with LaRouche” in New York.

Brunelleschi’s Dome atop the Florence Cathedral (Catedrale di Santa Maria del Fiori) in Florence, Italy.

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I had many discussions with Lyndon LaRouche about the issue of the Dome of Florence and the story of how it came into being, as a paradigm for economic development. In fact, it sort of encapsulates all the principles of physical economy in what it signifies and in its existence, and how it came into existence. Lyn, of course, wrote about this many times, and pointed to it. In fact, in the weeks before he went to prison in 1989, he made a trip to Florence, where he visited the Dome. He spoke again about it right before he went to prison. This is a very relevant point which I’ll come back to.

But the key to sort of encapsulate what it is that the principle of the Dome represents, is what President Trump referred to in the overall character of his speech, and particularly in the closing section which is the principle of optimism.

That optimism, in a certain sense, is the key to physical economy and to economic development. It’s the key to all human development. Trump referred to that in very emphatic terms, and quite pointedly at a conference that was organized around pessimism. Not just around the hoax of climate change, but on the pessimistic view of the state of mankind, a pessimistic view of the state of the world, which is, in fact, an inhuman attitude. When Trump spoke about optimism, saying, “This is no time for pessimists, but a time for optimists,” he was addressing the very essence of human development.

Because optimism is not a superficial state of mind; it’s not the idea of the glass half-full or the glass half-empty. It’s an emotional quality. It’s the ability to look at the difficulties that you’re facing, and be able to summon the emotions that summon the higher powers of the mind, and in that state, when those higher powers of the mind are active, to be able to see the solutions to problems and to see the future in a way that you could not see before. This is a uniquely human quality, and it’s the summoning and evoking of that human quality on which all human progress depends. That’s the essence of economic development; and it’s the essence of what makes us human.

As most people who have paid attention to LaRouche’s work know, this is something that he was completely dedicated to, lived, preached, and practiced. It was exhibited by the President of the United States in his speech at Davos. But it’s also been evoked by previous American Presidents, from Kennedy, to Franklin Roosevelt, Lincoln, and Washington. Our history is filled with many examples of this, and beautiful poetic expressions of it in these kinds of Presidential presentations, of which Trump’s speech at Davos—especially the ending part—I think deserves to be ranked with.

Let me put some clothes on this idea by giving you a brief report on what it is about the Dome that is so amazing. As Trump indicated, the Dome was conceived before the ability, the technology, to build it was even available or known. In 1296, the City Council of Florence authorized the construction of a cathedral church. The church was designed to be the biggest in Europe at the time. It was completed in 1436; that’s more than 140 years later. What happened in between?

Boccaccio and others preparing to flee the plague, in this illumination of a French edition of his Decameron (c. 1485).

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Well, the church was pretty much built, or a lot of it was built, but then something happened that put everything on hold. That something was called the Black Plague. In a very short period of time—in three, four, five years—Europe was engulfed in a pandemic of bubonic plague and pneumonic plague. This reduced the population of Europe overall by one-third, and in some cities, by as much as 50%.

This, of course, put the construction of the church on hold; and it sat there uncovered for many years. Not only was there a shortage of workers and skilled craftsmen, but there was a subjective pessimism in Europe; a subjective pessimism that said this crisis that is befalling us now is something we can’t overcome; that it is the result of something inherently bad in us.

There were all kinds of reactions to this. You can read the Italian poet Giovanni Boccaccio’s account, The Decameron, of the psychological effect of this kind of devastating collapse that occurred in Europe at the time. Some people went into complete hedonistic flights of fantasy, and others went into self-deprecating fits of pessimism and degradation.

But despite all this, there were those in Florence in particular, who looked back to previous times and summoned up optimism. They realized that what had brought about this crisis was not something bad in man per se, but a lack of their ability to summon what was good. And that’s the creative powers of the mind.

As this idea began to gain strength among certain political forces, the decision was made to complete the construction of the Dome on top of the church. The problem was, that this structure was so large, that you could not use any of the construction methods that had previously been used to build such domes. Up to that time, the domes required the construction of a large wooden scaffold, which would support the structure of the dome as it was being built. The scaffolding served not only as a support for the structure as it was being built, but it was a platform the workers stood on in order to be able to do their work.

Such scaffolding was not feasible for a dome of this size because there was not enough wood in all of Italy that could have been used to construct such a huge scaffold. So, this was a problem that couldn’t be solved, or that no one knew how to solve. Yet, a decision was made to do it.

Masaccio

Detail from Raising of the Son of Theophilus and St. Peter Enthroned, thought to be a portrait of Filippo Brunelleschi. Below: A cutaway drawing of the Dome.

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The man who came up with the idea for how to solve it was Filippo Brunelleschi, who was an artist and an architect and a great thinker. He conceived, in his own mind, how to do this. He mastered certain new principles of physics, which we will elaborate after discussing the obstacles he faced.

There was a political problem. He knew how to solve the physical problem, conceptually, but he couldn’t tell anybody. Because if he were to tell people what he planned to do, his political enemies would then cut him out and try and do it themselves. They would screw it up, it would fail, and the whole project would be left in ruins. He was so controversial because of his optimism, that even though he presented a plan, or at least the elements of a plan, they wouldn’t give him the contract. They made him share the contract with Lorenzo Ghiberti, who was in the other political faction.

Now Brunelleschi was eventually able to show that he had to have full control of the project, and he could do it on his own. But what he employed here was a principle which to this day is not very well understood. But he employed a principle which Lyn talked about at length called the catenary principle. The catenary principle was elaborated by Leibniz in precise detail 200 years later. But Brunelleschi had a concept of how it worked; and this is the principle of the hanging chain.

To summarize, Brunelleschi used the principle of the hanging chain (catenary) this way. He designed the dome to have two shells—one inside and one outside. The base of the dome was an octagonal structure—eight sides. There would be eight ribs, one at each corner of the octagon. He would construct these ribs, and as he constructed the ribs, he would hang chains between the ribs. And on those chains, he would make a herringbone pattern of brickwork, using mortar and brick from the surrounding area.

Brunelleschi’s use of a herring-bone pattern of the brickwork, in the space between the inner and outer domes, allowed them to self-reinforce as they were being laid.

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This was a structure that supported itself. It was a self-supporting structure—it supported itself as it was being built, so it became its own scaffold. The workers would construct the lower parts, and then they would stand on those completed lower parts in order to construct the next layer, and so on for the next layer, and the next.

This created a very profound psychological, subjective requirement. Brunelleschi was asking his workforce to work with, and execute, a construction technique that had never been used before; and for which they had no point of reference. The way they cut the bricks, the way they cemented them together, the way they organized it; all of it had never been done before.

So, he had to take his workforce and put them subjectively, psychologically in a place they had never been before. And Brunelleschi had to do it in such a way that they had enough confidence in it, that they would put their lives on the line for it. Because they were standing on what they had just built, so they had to have enough confidence in their ability to master what Brunelleschi had shown them, which they had never done before, including being able to stand on one layer to build the next.

These drawings are adapted from L. Bartoli’s Requiem per una Cupula, showing some details of Brunelleschi’s catenary structure.

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You can study this for a long time; there’s so much to say about it. But to make a long story short, they built the Dome in about 20 years. And they had to invent all kinds of new construction techniques. They invented new lift mechanisms to be able to lift the structural materials up to the height of the Dome in order to save time, so that the workers wouldn’t have to go up and down. They constructed platforms up there so they could eat their lunch and take their breaks up there. In those 20 years, no one, not one person died in the construction of the Dome.

Leonardo da Vinci

Sketches depicting the main components of Brunelleschi’s reversible hoist. Below: A drawing of Brunelleschi’s ox- or horse-powered hoist, which allowed his workers to switch between raising or lowering a weight without unhitching and repositioning the animal.

Mariano Taccola

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This is an incredibly remarkable feat; but in its construction, as LaRouche pointed out over and over, you have the coming together, the expression of all the principles of physical science, art, psychology, optimism, expressed in the construction and final product of this great Dome.

Lodovico Cardi da Cigoli (1613)

A cross section drawing of Brunelleschi’s Santa Maria del Fiore.

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After the Dome was completed, Nicholas of Cusa organized the Council of Florence in order to get a unity of the churches. That’s a long story in itself; I won’t go into it. But he chose Florence to hold the Council because, as the people came from all over the world to this council, they would be confronted by seeing this huge Dome. It convinced them, just by its very presence, of all the things I’ve been telling you about—of the power of the human mind; of the power of optimism; of the proof that if you want to improve society, you improve the power of the human mind. You do what Trump said at Davos; you create the conditions by which ordinary people can do extraordinary things.

LaRouche spoke about this at great length; he wrote about it, talked about it, used it extensively as his pedagogical example of the principles of political economy. When you pull this thread, it goes for a long time. There’s so much you can say, and so much you can learn, and so much you can discover by thinking about and researching what happened here. And LaRouche brought it all together in a single idea.

Now you have that idea being presented by the President of the United States at a time when many people are completely pessimistic; at a time when many people are emphasizing nothing but the problems of the world. Even Klaus Schwab, the founder of the Davos World Economic Forum, said, “We thank you, Mr. President, for injecting a note of optimism into our deliberations, because while we have many problems we have to face, it’s only with optimism that you will face it.” This is what the enemy fears. They want us to wallow in pessimism; they want us to wallow in the problem; they want us to wallow in the fear and the danger.

EIRNS/Stuart Lewis

Lyndon LaRouche often referred to the Dome to illustrate his principles of political economy. Shown: Mr. LaRouche at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. on April 9, 1986.

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But there’s no reason for fear and danger! The optimism that’s expressed by what Lyndon LaRouche taught us about physical economy, that President Trump expressed at Davos, is all we need. You can summon that optimism by actually understanding what Lyndon LaRouche tried to teach us about the importance of the Florentine Dome.

Further Thoughts

It really boils down to this question of the nature of the human mind. What’s the fundamental characteristic of the human mind? That’s to be creative. It’s not that creativity is something which happens accidentally or not often, or is a random occurrence. Creativity is the natural condition of the human mind; it just needs to be inspired; it just needs to be sparked.

Just look at Lyndon LaRouche, for example. His whole method of organizing was to spark creativity in others. He’d use jokes; he’d use humor; he’d use irony; he would shock you. But it would always be with the idea of evoking creativity; that’s what great leadership does. A great leadership inspires the people who look to that individual for leadership, inspires them to find what it is in themselves that allows—as Trump said—ordinary people to do extraordinary things.

That really is the essence of physical economy. The plans don’t exist. There isn’t a written plan for us to look at. In the case of the Dome, there are no surviving drawings or blueprints to show us how it was constructed. To this day, there are big debates about it. No one had been able to look into its structure—no one is going to take it apart to see how it was made.

But there was a social process which went on in Florence at that time, which involved Brunelleschi, the workmen, the politics of the city, the politics of the world at that time, the fight to demonstrate that if you want to improve man, improve the mind of man. The construction of the Dome improved the minds of the people who built it. And it improved the minds of the people of Florence, as it still does to this day. It has improved the minds of whole nations. of people all over the world who have come to Florence and seen it.

CC/Peter K. Burian

An interior view of Brunelleschi’s Dome.

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You just see the effect on Trump. Asking the question about where Trump might have gotten this idea from is wrong. It came from him; he’s a builder. Think about the buildings he built. My wife pointed out to me a video she saw of Trump from decades ago, when he was in his 30s, talking about how much he loves building, how much he likes to create structures, and how beautiful they are. That’s not a quirk of Trump that he happens to be a builder, but it’s because he’s a human being. Human beings like great things and leading human beings are the ones who are able to inspire that in themselves and in others.

We have a unique situation in the world today, because you have leadership. We have leadership in the United States. There’s Xi Jinping in China—look at what Trump said in his speech in Davos about China. He said, the relations between the United States and China are better than they’ve ever been. Nobody thought this could happen. He said that he and Xi Jinping have a good relationship. “He’s for China, and I’m for the U.S. But other than that, we love each other.”

So look at this unique leadership. We have Xi Jinping, we have Trump, we have Putin, and we have Narendra Modi—who’s a very inspiring figure. Remember that Modi has a resonance with Trump which was very visible in the joint appearance of Modi and Trump in the Houston event last September.

This is a unique time in human history in which we have this kind of leadership. All of these leaders, in their own ways and in their own cultures, from their own standpoint, are very optimistic people. They want to take their countries to places beyond where those nations are now; far ahead of where their populations are and where their establishments are. That becomes infectious. We have a unique contribution to make to this process. Not by trying to micromanage it, but by trying to give the world our unique contribution, which is Lyn’s optimism, Lyn’s uniqueness, Lyn’s creativity; which is very present, not only in the United States, but throughout the world.

That’s what we have to contribute to this, and we ought to do it.

December 20, 1988

Brunelleschi and the

Quantization of Space

by Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr.

Editor’s Note: This article was prepared as a memorial presentation for a Dec. 20, 1988 meeting in Florence, Italy to honor Filippo Brunelleschi and discuss a solution for restoring his Dome. It was published in 21st Century Science & Technology, Vol. 2, No. 4, July-August, 1989, pages 40-45.

NASA

Multiply-connected physical least action: The familiar Red Spot in Jupiter’s atmosphere.

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The one major work of science on which I hope to complete my essential contributions is the establishment of an adequately intelligible representation of the negative curvature of physical space-time in the regions of singularities within a Riemann surface function of otherwise everywhere positive curvature.

On this account, I wish to emphasize our indebtedness to the relevant work of Filippo Brunelleschi. Although I must confess that I do this, in part, out of love for the memory of that great scientist, my principal motive is a broader and more immediately practical one. These remarks are devoted to a brief explanation of that broader purpose.

My strength in these matters originates in a project of philosophical studies begun at the age of 12, which won me forever to the standpoint of Leibniz’s Monadology, Theodicy, and certain other writings by the age of between 13 and 14. All that I have accomplished in relevant matters, is derived from my undertaking, shortly after that, a defense of Leibniz against the arguments of Kant’s Critiques. My refutation of the central dogmas of Kant, as summarized in his Critique of Judgment, became the notion of intelligibility of the creative mental processes from which is derived everything I deem particularly useful in my attempted contributions to human knowledge.

The overriding importance which I attribute to a Socratic treatment of axiomatics, over mere formal consistency, puts me at a distance from prevailing modern ideas about scientific knowledge and much closer to the spirit of the Golden Renaissance. In such matters, that is a weakness in my work, but also an advantage whenever axiomatic issues of fundamentals respecting ontology are the proper point of emphasis, as is the case in this matter of the axiomatic substrate of notions of curvature of physical space-time. My special viewpoint, so identified, is a valuable contribution to the division of labor on the subject of quantization of physical space-time.

Properly defined, the “quantization” of physical space-time signifies a rejection of the approach to physical science associated with the neo-Euclidean formalisms of Descartes, Newton, and so on. In the view for which I speak, no discrete existence of the sort we tend to associate with naive sense certainty is permitted the quality of self-evident existence. Rather, everything which seems to be a discrete existence is something constructed out of what first appears to our imagination as an undifferentiated continuum of a constructive-geometric representation of multiply connected physical least action.

Figure 1

Nicholas of Cusa’s Circle

Nicholas of Cusa, in his 1440 book, On Learned Ignorance, showed geometrically that human reason is not attainable through mere logical thought. If we attempt to approach a circle (reason) through construction of polygons with more and more sides (logical thought), it might be thought that we would actually get closer and closer to a circle. Nonsense! A circle has no angles; the more angles we add to the polygon, the further we are from a circle.

Figure 2

Least Action: The Isoperimetric Principle

About 400 years after Cusa, Jacob Steiner devised the following proof that the circle is the figure that encompasses a maximum area for a given perimeter, also without the use of algebraic axioms. If it is assumed that another figure has been discovered that has this property, then this figure must at least be convex; otherwise, a connecting line could always be drawn from A to B that increases the area of the figure and decreases the perimeter (a).

Take an arbitrary figure (b). The first step—if it is concave—is to transform it into a convex figure by wrapping a string around the figure. This increases the area by the amount shown but decreases the perimeter. Therefore, the last step here is to expand the figure by a continuous amount along its entire edge to bring the perimeter back to its original length.

The second step is to make the figure symmetrical. To do this, divide the perimeter into two parts of equal length, AB and BA (for example by measuring the perimeter with a string and then folding the string in half) (c). Then the figure can be divided along the straight line that joins A and B. Choose the larger of two halves (d). Cut the other half out and rotate the chosen half 180 degrees from A to B (e). Then a symmetrical figure is produced with the perimeter of the original figure and possibly with a greater area. If the new figure is no longer convex, it can be made so by application of the first step.

Next, fold the resulting figure in half twice (f) creating the points A, B, C, and D. Join them with straight lines. They will form either a square or a rhombus parallelogram as shown. If it is a square, we are finished and have transformed the figure into a circle. If it is a rhombus, then the area of the figure can be increased by “straightening” the rhombus into a square, while the perimeter does not change (g).

If this procedure is repeated, then the figure will get closer and closer to a circle. The circle is the only figure whose area cannot be increased in this way.

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At first, the isoperimetric principle defined by Nicholas of Cusa suggests that the continuum must be defined in terms of multiply connected circular action as the elementary form of physical least action (Figures 1-2).

Later, with the work of Gauss, Dirichlet, Riemann, and Weierstrass, we have the higher geometry of the Gauss-Riemann complex domain. This latter domain, in which the characteristic form of functions is associated predominantly with elliptic and hyperbolic trigonometries, is generated by replacing circular with self-similar spiral forms of multiply connected least action (Figure 3).

Figure 3

Conical Versus Cylindrical Action

(a) Projection of elliptical cuts through the cylinder and cone

(b) Transformation produced by cylindrical and conical action

Circle

Center:f; Radius: r; Diameter: d; Constant curvature

Ellipse

Foci: f1, f2; Perihelion: r1; Aphelion: r2; Major axis: d1; Minor axis: d2

Inflection points in maximum and minimum curvature occur at the end points of the major and minor axes

(c) Series of self-similar expanding circles on a cone

The qualitative difference between cylindrical and conical action is seen in the projections of elliptical cuts through the cylinder and cone (a). The cut through the cylinder projects as a circle; that is, cylindrical action does not transform the universe. The conic section, however, projects as an ellipse, whose perihelion is the radius of the cone’s circular cross section at the base of the cut and whose aphelion is the radius of the circular cross section at the top of the cut. The ellipse demonstrates the transformations produced by conical action.

The shift from one to the other is characterized by a transformation from one to two Singular characteristics (Singularities) (b). Instead of a center, the ellipse has two foci; instead of every radius being of equal length (as in the circle), the ellipse’s radii vary in length with a minimum (perihelion) and maximum (aphelion); instead of one diameter, the ellipse has major and minor axes.

A self-similar series of expanding circles (c) represents the Riemannian transformation from N to N + 1.

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From this more advanced standpoint, the construction of the kinds of singularities associated with electromagnetic generation of discrete existence from continuous least action becomes implicitly susceptible of intelligible representation. To an expanding degree, we are enabled to elaborate viable functional representations for processes, when adequate such representations of nonlinear processes are not possible in any other known way. Additionally, as Riemann indicated in his dissertation on representation of an arbitrary function, it is implicit that all really existing physical processes are susceptible of representation from such a standpoint (see box, page 14).

The Importance of Negative Curvature

It is in this setting that the importance of negative curvature confronts us. The relevance of my axiomatic approach and the broader practical importance of reexamining Brunelleschi’s work will become clearer as we proceed to treat the significance of negative curvature.

The most important class of physical functions are those we may describe usefully as elementarily nonlinear. By that we ought to mean that the characteristic feature of the function is an implicitly enumerable density of singularities within the scope of some arbitrarily small interval of action of a continuing physical process.

This class of functions is much more than merely very important. All living processes, if adequately represented, are nonlinear processes of this sort. Additionally, at the extremes of scale of astrophysics and microphysics, we are obliged to adduce anything corresponding to an elementary law of nature from nothing but the curvature of physical space-time. Thus, we know that all truly elementary physical functions are of the form of nonlinear propositions within the terms of reference of the Gauss-Riemann complex domain. In the elementary domains of astrophysics, microphysics, and biophysics, no discrete magnitudes exist self-evidently. They exist in the geometric form of construction of singularities from a continuous manifold.

Thus, the derivation of the elementary laws of physics from nothing outside the curvature of physical space-time presents us with a notion of the quantization of physical space-time. This quantization references the generation of discreteness as singularities, and also references the harmonic ordering of variable densities of singularities within a defined interval of action within the continuum. It is only in that sense that I reference the subjects of quantization of space and of nonlinear functions. Up to a point, the Riemann surface function appears to be an adequate method of representation of nonlinear processes. This function accounts for what must happen in a process to bring about restored connectivity following the earlier appearance of a singularity. However, this representation is an inadequate one, which Riemann’s collaborator Beltrami was the first to show in a forceful way.

The problematic issue here is an inadequacy in Dirichlet’s topological principle respecting the manner in which connectivity is restored after the generation of a singularity within a Gaussian manifold. It happens that this flaw in the Dirichlet principle is an axiomatic one, and, since the issue of method involved Socratic treatment of axiomatics, the matter is therefore one which is more than merely of great interest to me. [box: Riemannian Geometry, Nonlinearity, and Negentropy]

Figure 4

Shock Waves and Nonlinearity

(a) Propagation of a nonlinear pressure wave

(b) Formation of sonic boom shock wave

As a pressure wave travels through air, it takes the shapes in (a). The wave is termed nonlinear because the higher pressure area moves forward faster than the lower pressure area. It tends to lean forward, similar to an ocean wave beginning to break at the beach. In this case, however, the wave forms a sharp front that has a “shock” effect if it hits an obstacle.

The formation of a sonic boom wave at the front of a jet plane traveling at supersonic speed is shown in (b). Moving faster than the speed of sound, the jet piles up the air in front of it, creating a pressure situation similar to the shock in (a).

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In physics terminology, the Riemann surface function aids us in representing what has happened in the transition from one phase state to the next of a nonlinear process (Figure 4). This representation is true in respect to what we usually reference as weak forces, but is not necessarily true with respect to what we regard relatively as strong forces. That is the physics side of the matter, which I leave to the ministrations of appropriately qualified colleagues. My approach is a more elementary one.

With those limiting considerations, we may say that the Riemann surface function represents what has happened in such cases, but fails to demonstrate how and why that result must occur. What is the causal agency associated with the existence of a topological singularity we represent loosely as a point or hole, which brings about the transformation the Riemann surface function purports to represent after the fact?

Figure 5

Multiply Connected Surfaces

Clockwise from top left: sphere, torus, pretzel

The topology of a sphere has simple connectivity. There are no singularities (holes), only poles. The torus, with its center hole, is doubly connected, and a pretzel shape, with two holes, is triply connected. LaRouche cites Beltrami’s work to offer the hypothesis that these singularities are not simply points or holes—empty space—in an otherwise continuous positive curvature, but rather regions whose physical geometry is characterized by negative curvature. Further, LaRouche suggests that these regions correspond to the notion in physics of strong forces.

Figure 6

Curvature: Negative and Positive

Curvature is measured by the radius of a circle that most approximates a curve (a). On a surface, the curvature is measured by two such circles approximating the curvature at the maximum and minimum extremes. These extremes, it turns out, are always perpendicular.

The curvature of a surface is positive when these two curves lie on the same side of the surface, as in a sphere (b) or a torus. On a surface of negative curvature the two circles will lie on opposite sides of the surface, as in the saddle curve (c).

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The solution to this problem can lie only within the domain of the constructive geometry of a multiply connected manifold of the Gauss-Riemann sort (Figures 5-6). Thus, the kernel of the point: If it is the case, as Beltrami indicates, that these singularities are not simply points or holes in an otherwise continuously positive curvature, but rather regions of negative curvature, and if we were to discover that such regions correspond to the notion of strong forces, we are then on the track of a solution to this interesting problem of axiomatics.

These considerations ought to turn our attention to certain crucial discoveries effected during the 15th century, to matters bearing upon the complementarity of the tractrix and catenary (Figures 7-8). It appears not only that Brunelleschi was the first to bring the significance of that to our attention, but that the physics of his design for the construction of the dome of the cathedral of Florence embodies the application of certain physics implications of this complementarity to applied physics.

Figure 7

The Catenary and the Tractrix

Left: (a) Catenary; right: (b) Tractrix (involute of catenary)

The catenary is the form assumed by a chain or rope suspended from two fixed points and hanging under its own weight (a). The surfaces between the ribs of Brunelleschi’s dome are families of catenaries.

To find the involute of a catenary (or of any curve), imagine a thread on the surface of the curve, which is then cut and unwound from the lowest point on the curve A to the left and the right. The ends of the thread on a catenary rope trace out the tractrix (heavy line). Each step of the unwinding is like constructing a tangent of the catenary to the tractrix. If the normal (perpendicular) is drawn to the tangent of the tractrix at any point, it can be seen that this normal becomes a tangent to the catenary. Note that all tangents from the inside of the tractrix to its base are equal in length.

Figure 8

Beltrami and Surfaces of Constant Negative Curvature

Eugenio Beltrami, the Italian collaborator of Riemann, explored the properties of a pseudosphere, a figure whose surfaces have constant negative curvature. The pseudosphere is generated by rotating a tractrix.

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The continuation of this line of inquiry by Leonardo da Vinci, and the outgrowths of that in the later work of such as Kepler, Desargues, Leibniz, and Huygens, and such as Monge, Poncelet, and Gauss later, assist us greatly in viewing the internal history of geometrical thinking in modern science from this standpoint of reference.

I make two general points in conclusion.

First, I emphasize that my refutation of Kant’s dogmas, as represented in sundry published locations, defines the kinds of creative mental processes associated with valid fundamental discoveries with a form of nonlinear process in which all the problems I have listed are central features.[fn_1] I have also emphasized, that the rigorous scrutiny of the methods of composition employed in great works of strictly classical art forms represent, from the axiomatic standpoint, directly the same quality and form of creative mental activity we encounter in the case of a valid fundamental discovery in physical science.

The Process of Scientific Discovery

From this vantage point, and the methodological vantage point of Cusa’s De Docta Ignorantia, the essence of science is not particular knowledge, which is always historically ephemeral in its authority, but rather the process of perfection of the mental powers developed for the work of scientific discovery. In other words, relative to the notions of finiteness associated with formal analysis of the discrete manifold, the active principle of scientific progress is not deductive, but is a transfinite implicitly representable by the kind of nonlinear process indicated.

Hence, in dealing with the axiomatic issues of science, we must adopt the appropriate historical approach to the internal history of science. We must reexamine the branching points in the internal history of science, at which certain axiomatic sorts of ontological assumptions were adopted, and must reexamine the historical issues so posed in terms of reference to new qualities of experimental evidence presently confronting us.

Thus, by reliving the mental experience associated with the most crucial discoveries of a past reaching not too infrequently into 15th-century Italy, we clear confusion from our minds, and approach present-day questions in a fresh way.

Thus, always, when we honor the best contributions of the past, we strengthen the means for solving important tasks of the present.

[fn_1]. For example, see Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr., “Designing Cities in the Age of Mars Colonization,” 21st Century Science & Technology, Vol. 1, Nos. 5-6, Nov.-Dec. 1988, pp. 26-48. [back to text for fn_1]

Riemannian Geometry, Nonlinearity, and Negentropy

Bernhard Riemann’s most significant contribution was to prove that the standard mathematical methods used in theoretical physics do not work. Riemann’s 1859 paper, “On the Propagation of Plane Air Waves of Finite Amplitude,” demonstrates how under certain conditions an intense sinusoidal air wave will change its form as it moves, transforming itself into a shock front across which a discontinuous change of pressure occurs (see Figure 4). Up to the point of formation of the shock front, the propagation of the wave appears to be adequately described by the usual differential equations of hydrodynamics. At the formation of the shock front, however, some of the parameters of these equations assume infinite values. The process has assumed new characteristics; a singularity has been formed.

Riemann brings out here the fact that the underlying processes of the universe have the potential to fundamentally change their characteristics of action through the mediation of singularities—what appear in the discrete, visible manifold as “individuals” (a shock wave, for example). At the same time, new potentialities, or degrees of freedom, are opened up for further transformation.

Another example of the same law of the continuous manifold is revealed in the familiar phase changes in matter, like the freezing of water, where the transformation from liquid to solid is accompanied by the appearance of a new singularity-type, the water crystal.

The only admissible basis for geometry is the process by which a manifold of order N is transformed into a manifold of order N + 1. The subject of geometry is not a point, nor a line, nor a surface, nor a solid, but the process of transformation from point, to line, to surface, to solid, and so on. In other words, Riemann saw the proper subject of geometry as negentropy.

—Dr. Jonathan Tennenbaum [back to text]

Remarks by President Trump at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland

The video of the President’s remarks on January 21, 2020, is available here.

WEF/Sandra Blaser

President Donald Trump.

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It’s an honor to address the distinguished members of this organization for the second time as President. When I spoke at this forum two years ago, I told you that we had launched the great American comeback. Today, I’m proud to declare that the United States is in the midst of an economic boom the likes of which the world has never seen before.

We’ve regained our stride, we discovered our spirit and reawakened the powerful machinery of American enterprise. America is thriving, America is flourishing, and yes, America is winning again like never before.

Just last week alone, the United States concluded two extraordinary trade deals: the agreement with China and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement—the two biggest trade deals ever made. They just happened to get done in the same week.

These agreements represent a new model of trade for the 21st century—agreements that are fair, reciprocal, and that prioritize the needs of workers and families. America’s economic turnaround has been nothing short of spectacular.

When I took office three years ago, America’s economy was in a rather dismal state. Under the previous administration, nearly 200,000 manufacturing jobs had vanished, wages were flat or falling, almost 5 million more Americans had left the labor force than had gotten jobs, and more than 10 million people had been added to the food stamp rolls.

The experts predicted a decade of very, very slow growth—or even maybe negative growth—high unemployment, and a dwindling workforce, and very much a shrinking middle class. Millions of hardworking, ordinary citizens felt neglected, betrayed, forgotten. They were rapidly losing faith in the system.

Before my presidency began, the outlook for many nations was bleak. Top economists warned of a protracted worldwide recession. The World Bank lowered its projections for global growth to a number that nobody wanted to even think about. Pessimism had taken root deep in the minds of leading thinkers, business leaders, and policymakers.

Yet despite all of the cynics, I had never been more confident in America’s future. I knew we were on the verge of a profound economic resurgence, if we did things right—one that would generate a historic wave of investment, wage growth, and job creation.

I knew that if we unleashed the potential of our people, if we cut taxes, slashed regulations—and we did that at a level that’s never been done before in the history of our country, in a short period of time—fixed broken trade deals and fully tapped American energy, that prosperity would come thundering back at a record speed. And that is exactly what we did, and that is exactly what happened.

Since my election, America has gained over 7 million jobs—a number unthinkable. I wouldn’t say it, I wouldn’t talk about it, but that was a number that I had in mind. The projection was 2 million; we did 7 [million]—more than three times the government’s own projections.

The unemployment rate is now less than 3, 4, and 5 percent. And at 3.5 percent, that’s a number that is the lowest in more than 50 years. The average unemployment rate for my administration is the lowest for any U.S. President in recorded history. We started off with a reasonably high rate.

For the first time in decades, we are no longer simply concentrating wealth in the hands of a few. We’re concentrating and creating the most inclusive economy ever to exist. We are lifting up Americans of every race, color, religion, and creed.

Unemployment rates among African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans have all reached record lows. African American youth unemployment has reached the lowest it’s ever been in the history of our country. African American poverty has plummeted to the lowest rate ever recorded. The unemployment rate for women reached the lowest level since 1953. And women now comprise a majority of the American workforce; that’s for the first time.

The unemployment rate for veterans has dropped to a record low. The unemployment rate for disabled Americans has reached an all-time record low. Workers without a high school diploma have achieved the lowest unemployment rate recorded in U.S. history. Wages are rising across the board. And those at the bottom of the income ladder are enjoying the percentage, by far, largest gains.

Workers’ wages are now growing faster than management wages. Earnings growth for the bottom 10 percent is outpacing the top 10 percent—something that has not happened. Paychecks for high school graduates are rising faster than for college graduates.

Young Americans just entering the workforce are also sharing in America’s extraordinary prosperity. Since I took office, more than 2 million millennials have gotten jobs, and their wages have grown by nearly 5 percent annually—a number that was unthinkable. Nobody would have ever thought it was possible three years ago. A record number of Americans between the ages of 25 and 34 are now working.

In the eight years before I took office, over 300,000 working-age people left the workforce. In just three years in my administration, 3.5 million people have joined the workforce. Ten million people have been lifted off welfare in less than three years. Celebrating the dignity of work is a fundamental pillar of our agenda.

This is a blue-collar boom. Since my election, the net worth of the bottom half of wage earners has increased by plus-47 percent—three times faster than the increase for the top 1 percent. Real median household income is at the highest level ever recorded.

The American Dream is back—bigger, better, and stronger than ever before. No one is benefitting more than America’s middle class.

We have created 1.2 million manufacturing and construction jobs—a number also unthinkable. After losing 60,000 factories under the previous two administrations—hard to believe when you hear “60,000 factories”—America has now gained, in a very short period of time, 12,000 new factories under my administration. And the number is going up rapidly. We’ll be beating the 60,000 number that we lost, except these will be bigger, newer, and the latest.

Years of economic stagnation have given way to a roaring geyser of opportunity. U.S. stock markets have soared by more than 50 percent since my election, adding more than $19 trillion to household wealth, and boosting 401(k)s, pensions, and college savings accounts for millions of hardworking families.

And these great numbers are many things, and it’s despite the fact that the Fed has raised rates too fast and lowered them too slowly. And even now, as the United States is by far the strongest economic power in the world, it’s not even close. It was going to be close, but a lot of good things happened to us, and some not-so-good things happened to certain other places.

They’re forced to compete, and we compete with nations that are getting negative rates—something very new—meaning, they get paid to borrow money. Something that I could get used to very quickly. Love that. Got to pay back your loan? Oh, how much am I getting?

Nevertheless, we still have the best numbers that we’ve had in so many different areas. It’s a conservative approach, and we have a tremendous upside potential, when all of the trade deals and the massive deregulation starts kicking in—which will be during this year, especially toward the end of the year. Those trade deals are starting to kick in already. The regulations are kicking in right now.

And I see such tremendous potential for the future. We have not even started, because the numbers we’re talking about are massive.

The time for skepticism is over. People are flowing back into our country. Companies are coming back into our country. Many of you, who I know, are coming back in with your plants and your factories. Thank you very much. America’s newfound prosperity is undeniable, unprecedented, and unmatched anywhere in the world.

America achieved this stunning turnaround not by making minor changes to a handful of policies, but by adopting a whole new approach centered entirely on the wellbeing of the American worker.

Every decision we make—on taxes, trade, regulation, energy, immigration, education, and more—is focused on improving the lives of everyday Americans. We are determined to create the highest standard of living that anyone can imagine, and right now, that’s what we’re doing for our workers. The highest in the world. And we’re determined to ensure that the working and middle class reap the largest gains.

A nation’s highest duty is to its own citizens. Honoring this truth is the only way to build faith and confidence in the market system. Only when governments put their own citizens first will people be fully invested in their national futures. In the United States, we are building an economy that works for everyone, restoring the bonds of love and loyalty that unite citizens and powers nations.

Today, I hold up the American model as an example to the world of a working system of free enterprise that will produce the most benefits for the most people in the 21st century and beyond.

A pro-worker, pro-citizen, pro-family agenda demonstrates how a nation can thrive when its communities, its companies, its government, and its people work together for the good of the whole nation.

As part of this new vision, we passed the largest package of tax cuts and reforms in American history. We doubled the child tax credit, benefitting 40 million American families and lifting 650,000 single mothers and their 1 million children out of poverty—and out of poverty quickly.

We passed the first-ever tax credit for employers who provide paid paternal leave for employees earning $72,000 less annually, and passed paid family leave for government employees as a model for the country.

We made childcare much more affordable and reduced or eliminated childcare waitlists all across the nation. Our childcare reforms are supporting working parents and ensuring their children have access to high-quality care and education, all of which they very much deserve.

We lowered our business tax from the highest in the developed world down to one that’s not only competitive, but one of the lower taxes.

We created nearly 9,000 Opportunity Zones in distressed communities where capital gains on long-term investments are now taxed at zero, and tremendous wealth is pouring into areas that for a hundred years saw nothing.

The 35 million Americans who live in these areas have already seen their home values rise by more than $22 billion. My administration has also made historic investments in “historically black colleges and universities.” I saved HBCUs. We saved them. They were going out, and we saved them.

We’re removing roadblocks to success and rewarding businesses that invest in workers, families, and communities.

We’ve also launched the most ambitious campaign in history to reduce job-killing regulations. For every new regulation adopted, we are removing eight old regulations, which will save an average of American households about $3,100 per year. It was going to be, “for every one, we do two,” but we were able to lift that to eight, and we think that’s going to go quite a bit higher. We still have a way to go.

Today, I urge other nations to follow our example and liberate your citizens from the crushing weight of bureaucracy. With that, you have to run your own countries the way you want.

We’re also restoring the constitutional rule of law in America, which is essential to our economy, our liberty, and our future. And that’s why we’ve appointed over 190 federal judges—a record—to interpret the law as written. One hundred and ninety federal judges—think of that—and two Supreme Court judges.

As a result of our efforts, investment is pouring into our country. In the first half of 2019, the United States attracted nearly one-quarter of all foreign direct investment in the world—think of that. Twenty-five percent of all foreign investment all over the world came into the United States, and that number is increasing rapidly.

To every business looking for a place where they are free to invest, build, thrive, innovate, and succeed, there is no better place on Earth than the United States.

As a central part of our commitment to building an inclusive society, we established the National Council for the American Worker. We want every citizen, regardless of age or background, to have the cutting-edge skills to compete and succeed in tomorrow’s workplace. This includes critical industries like artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and 5G.

WEF/Jakob Polacsek

The audience during President Trump’s address at the World Economic Forum 2020, in Davos, Switzerland, January 21, 2020.

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Under Ivanka’s leadership—who is with us today—our Pledge to America’s Workers has become a full-blown national movement with over 400 companies committing to provide new job and training opportunities to already very close to 15 million American students and workers. Fifteen million.

America is making sweeping changes to place workers and their families at the center of our national agenda. Perhaps the most transformative change of all is on trade reform, where we’re addressing chronic problems that have been ignored, tolerated, or enabled for decades. Our leaders did nothing about what happened to us on trade.

Before I was elected, China’s predatory practices were undermining trade for everyone, but no one did anything about it, except allow it to keep getting worse and worse and worse. Under my leadership, America confronted the problem head on.

Under our new phase one agreement—phase two is starting negotiations very shortly—China has agreed to substantially do things that they would not have done: measures to protect intellectual property; stop forced technology transfers; remove trade barriers in agricultural goods and on agricultural goods, where we were treated so badly; open its financial sector totally—that’s done—and maintain a stable currency, all backed by very, very strong enforcement.

Our relationship with China, right now, has probably never been better. We went through a very rough patch, but it’s never, ever been better. My relationship with President Xi is an extraordinary one. He’s for China; I’m for the U.S. But other than that, we love each other.

Additionally, China will spend an additional $200 billion over two years on American services, agriculture, and energy, and manufactured goods. So we’ll be taking in an excess of $200 billion; could be closer to $300 billion when it finishes. But these achievements would not have been possible without the implementation of tariffs, which we had to use, and we’re using them on others too. And that is why most of our tariffs on China will remain in place during the phase two negotiations. For the most part, the tariffs have been left, and we’re being paid billions and billions of dollars a year as a country.

As I mentioned earlier, we ended the NAFTA disaster—one of the worst trade deals ever made; not even close—and replaced it with the incredible new trade deal, the USMCA—that’s Mexico and Canada.

In the nearly 25 years after NAFTA, the United States lost 1 in 4 manufacturing jobs, including nearly 1 in 4 vehicle-manufacturing jobs. It was an incentive to leave the country. The NAFTA agreement exemplified the decades-long failures of the international trading system. The agreement shifted wealth to the hands of a few, promoted massive outsourcing, drove down wages, and shuttered plants and factories by the thousands. The plants would leave our country, make the product, sell it into our country. We ended up with no jobs and no taxes; would buy other countries’ product. That doesn’t happen anymore.

This is the wreckage that I was elected to clean up. It’s probably the reason I ran for President, more than any other thing, because I couldn’t understand why we were losing all of these jobs to other countries at such a rapid rate. And it got worse and worse, and I think it’s probably the primary reason that I ran, but there are other reasons also. And to replace with a new system that puts workers before the special interests. And the special interests will do just fine, but the workers come first.

Our brand-new USMCA is the result of the broadest coalition ever assembled for a trade agreement. Manufacturing, agriculture, and labor all strongly endorsed the deal. And, as you know, it just passed in Congress overwhelmingly. It shows how to solve the 21st century challenge we all face: protecting intellectual property, expanding digital trade, re-shoring lost jobs, and ensuring rising wages and living standards.

The United States has also concluded a great new trade deal with Japan—approximately $40 billion—and completely renegotiated our deal with South Korea. We’re also negotiating many other transactions with many other countries. And we look forward to negotiating a tremendous new deal with the United Kingdom. They have a wonderful new Prime Minister and wants very much to make a deal, as they say.

To protect our security and our economy, we are also boldly embracing American energy independence. The United States is now, by far, the number-one producer of oil and natural gas anywhere in the world, by far. It’s not even close.

While many European countries struggle with crippling energy costs, the American energy revolution is saving American families $2,500 every year in lowering electric bills and numbers that people said couldn’t happen, and also, very importantly, prices at the pump.

We’ve been so successful that the United States no longer needs to import energy from hostile nations. With an abundance of American natural gas now available, our European allies no longer have to be vulnerable to unfriendly energy suppliers either. We urge our friends in Europe to use America’s vast supply and achieve true energy security.

With U.S. companies and researchers leading the way, we are on the threshold of virtually unlimited reserves of energy, including from traditional fuels, LNG, clean coal, next-generation nuclear power, and gas hydrate technologies.

At the same time, I’m proud to report the United States has among the cleanest air and drinking water on Earth—and we’re going to keep it that way. And we just came out with a report that, at this moment, it’s the cleanest it’s been in the last 40 years. We’re committed to conserving the majesty of God’s creation and the natural beauty of our world.

Today, I’m pleased to announce the United States will join the One Trillion Trees Initiative being launched here at the World Economic Forum. One Trillion Trees. (Applause.) And in doing so, we will continue to show strong leadership in restoring, growing, and better managing our trees and our forests.

This is not a time for pessimism; this is a time for optimism. Fear and doubt is not a good thought process because this is a time for tremendous hope and joy and optimism and action.

But to embrace the possibilities of tomorrow, we must reject the perennial prophets of doom and their predictions of the apocalypse. They are the heirs of yesterday’s foolish fortune-tellers—and I have them and you have them, and we all have them, and they want to see us do badly, but we don’t let that happen. They predicted an overpopulation crisis in the 1960s, mass starvation in the ’70s, and an end of oil in the 1990s. These alarmists always demand the same thing: absolute power to dominate, transform, and control every aspect of our lives.

We will never let radical socialists destroy our economy, wreck our country, or eradicate our liberty. America will always be the proud, strong, and unyielding bastion of freedom.

In America, we understand what the pessimists refuse to see: that a growing and vibrant market economy focused on the future lifts the human spirit and excites creativity strong enough to overcome any challenge—any challenge by far.

The great scientific breakthroughs of the 20th century—from penicillin, to high-yield wheat, to modern transportation, and breakthrough vaccines—have lifted living standards and saved billions of lives around the world. And we’re continuing to work on things that you’ll be hearing about in the near future that, even today, sitting here right now, you wouldn’t believe it’s possible that we have found the answers. You’ll be hearing about it. But we have found answers to things that people said would not be possible—certainly not in a very short period of time.

But the wonders of the last century will pale in comparison to what today’s young innovators will achieve because they are doing things that nobody thought even feasible to begin. We continue to embrace technology, not to shun it. When people are free to innovate, millions will live longer, happier, healthier lives.

For three years now, America has shown the world that the path to a prosperous future begins with putting workers first, choosing growth, and freeing entrepreneurs to bring their dreams to life.

For anyone who doubts what is possible in the future, we need only look at the towering achievements of the past. Only a few hundred miles from here are some of the great cities of Europe—teeming centers of commerce and culture. Each of them is full of reminders of what human drive and imagination can achieve.

The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, Italy, crowned by its innovative and massive dome.

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Centuries ago, at the time of the Renaissance, skilled craftsmen and laborers looked upwards and built the structures that still touch the human heart. To this day, some of the greatest structures in the world have been built hundreds of years ago.

In Italy, the citizens once started construction on what would be a 140-year project, the Duomo of Florence. An incredible, incredible place. While the technology did not yet exist to complete their design, city fathers forged ahead anyway, certain that they would figure it out someday. These citizens of Florence did not accept limits to their high aspirations and so the Great Dome was finally built.

In France, another century-long project continues to hold such a grip on our hearts and our souls that, even 800 years after its construction, when the Cathedral of Notre Dame was engulfed in flames last year—such a sad sight to watch; unbelievable site, especially for those of us that considered it one of the great, great monuments and representing so many different things—the whole world grieved.

Though her sanctuary now stands scorched and charred—and a sight that’s hard to believe; when you got used to it, to look at it now, hard to believe. But we know that Notre Dame will be restored—will be restored magnificently. The great bells will once again ring out for all to hear, giving glory to God and filling millions with wonder and awe.

The Cathedrals of Europe teach us to pursue big dreams, daring adventures, and unbridled ambitions. They urge us to consider not only what we build today, but what we will endure long after we are gone. They testify to the power of ordinary people to realize extraordinary achievements when united by a grand and noble purpose.

So, together, we must go forward with confidence, determination, and vision. We must not be timid, or meek, or fearful—but instead we must boldly seize the day and embrace the moment. We have so many great leaders in this room—not only business leaders, but leaders of nations—and some are doing such a fantastic job. We work together very closely. We will draw strength from the glories of the past, and we will make greatness our common mission for the future.

Together, we will make our nations stronger, our countries safer, our culture richer, our people freer, and the world more beautiful than ever before.

Above all else, we will forever be loyal to our workers, our citizens, and our families—the men and women who are the backbone of our economies, the heart of our communities, and the soul of our countries. Let us bring light to their lives one by one and empower them to light up the world.

Thank you very much. God bless you. God bless your countries. And God bless America. Thank you. Thank you very much. (Applause.)

II. Death Throes of Empire

WHY WE FIGHT

A Patriot’s Guide Through

Day Four of the Impeachment Trial (5 Biggest Lies So Far)

by Barbara Boyd

Jan. 27—On Friday, January 24, the Democrats finally ended their marathon initial presentation in the impeachment trial of the President of the United States. They droned on and on and on with the idea that repetition, and treating the television audience like children at story hour, would somehow win the day in the Senate of the United States. On Saturday, Jan. 25, the President’s team began to present his defense. By the end of two hours they had effectively shredded most of the wild claims made by the Democrats by showing the testimony of the Democrats’ own witnesses contradicting, completely, the narrative the Democrats had just presented to the Senate.

Desperate, Adam Schiff had ended the Democratic presentation by informing the Senators that he knew of an alleged threat from the President. He claimed that unless they voted for the President’s acquittal their “heads were on a pike.” This threat, having never been made, resulted in astonished gasps from even moderate Republicans. Schiff’s lie had backfired as had strident statements by Jerry Nadler that the entire GOP delegation was engaging in a coverup for the President.

As we have repeatedly emphasized, these proceedings are the latest chapter in the full-spectrum information warfare conducted against the American people ever since 63 million Americans shocked the world by electing Donald Trump President in Nov. 8, 2016. A similar shock was delivered in Britain the same year, when the British people voted to reinstate the sovereignty of their nation, to withdraw from the European Union, and to reject the globalist regimes which have impoverished the world.

At the center of the Democrats’ case now, is the claim that Trump won by “cheating” in 2016—i.e., the Russians hacked the Democratic National Committee (DNC) servers, resulting in WikiLeaks presenting truthful information about Hillary Clinton)—and Trump, unless impeached, will “cheat” again. Never mind that no evidence has been presented, ever, to substantiate any Russian hack of the DNC. In fact, the actual evidence points to a leak by persons or elements unknown.

Whether you consider yourself pro-Trump or anti-Trump, you are the target of this psychological warfare operation, begun with ruthless and reckless abandon in November of 2016. That operation has created the disease popularly known as Trump Derangement Syndrome, which now threatens to destroy the Constitution of the United States and render the nation itself a balkanized mess of red versus blue states not seen since the Confederacy and the Civil War. In fact, that is the intent of those running this operation, the same oligarchical force behind the Civil War which sought to swallow the United States, once again absorbing it into the British Empire.

The once-great party of John F. Kennedy and Franklin D. Roosevelt has become a debating club about gender identities and reparations—promoting subversion through local control of national policies and laws, drug legalization, Green Fascism, and, above all, a self-imposed “virtue signaling” and thought-police culture, which destroys the ability to create and think.

CC BY 2.0

The field of Democratic pre-candidates is fractured over identity politics. They are discredited by their climate hysteria.

Mike Bloomberg 2020

Billionaire green fascist and financial regime-changer Mike Bloomberg.

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Cities where Democrats reign are becoming ungovernable, with exploding homeless and addict populations, and housing which is unaffordable, except for the upper middle classes and very wealthy, who live in gated and walled-off communities. Decriminalization of theft and other so-called minor crimes, and unsanitary conditions, are unleashing an epidemic of violence and disease. For the 2020 election, Mike Bloomberg, on behalf of the City of London and Wall Street, is buying up any remaining Democratic constituency leader whom George Soros and Tom Steyer have not already bought.

Is it any wonder, then, that articles of impeachment have been drafted which specify no crime? Do they realize what they have done? From now on, any political party majority occupying the House of Representatives that disagrees with the President of a different political party, can vote to impeach with the vague “abuse of power” charge. That means that the great genius of the American Constitution, a strong Presidency, will have been lost. Instead, like the British opponents we defeated in the Revolution, the President can be hobbled endlessly by parliamentary votes of no confidence, engineered by the ability of private banking and other interests to manipulate popular opinion.

The Democrats, throughout this proceeding, have lied that Alexander Hamilton would have approved of what they are doing. Hamilton was, however, the actual author of the Article II powers of the President, and their strongest proponent. He would never have stood by and seen Article II, along with the Republic itself, destroyed by a renegade faction in Congress.

President Trump Opens a New and Surprising Flank

To clarify the actual issues and open a new, surprising, and most intriguing flank against those at war against him, the President went to Davos, Switzerland, in the midst of his trial in the U.S. Senate, and made a speech to the gathered world elites at the Davos World Economic Forum about the standards for economic progress. He walked, calmly, into the lion’s den, speaking to many who are the authors of the actual coup against his Presidency, and presented an economic address that echoed central themes of Lyndon LaRouche.

First, Trump attacked the corrosive pessimism embodied in the apocalyptic warnings of the Green New Deal and similar programs. As we have noted, the Green New Deal will entrap most of the world in a new Dark Age, while leaving the oligarchical power, centered in the City of London and Wall Street, to rule. President Trump said that this group of wild-eyed Malthusians had been completely wrong in their predictions for most of his lifetime.

Portrait by John Trumbull, 1806

Alexander Hamilton

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Instead, he touted technological and scientific optimism, and the creativity of a nation’s working classes, as the engine of economic progress. This is what LaRouche had called the Power of Labor, and what Alexander Hamilton, Henry Carey, Abraham Lincoln, and Franklin Roosevelt called the American System of political economy. The President had referenced the American System repeatedly in his campaign.

At Davos, he said the well-being of workers had to be the center of any sovereign economic policy, the means to measure economic progress. He told the story of the building of the cupola of Florence’s famous Duomo, a 140-year journey in design and execution in which workers and geniuses collaborated to discover completely new laws of nature in the course of creating one of history’s most beautiful and inspiring cathedrals. They had no idea whether and how they would succeed, when they started this grand project. Dedicate yourself to unleashing that Renaissance spirit among your people, Trump told them, and anything is possible.

Wikipedia/sailko

Brunelleschi’s Dome.

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Ask yourself, if you think Trump is a monster, what mind composed what I have just told you? If you are a Trump supporter, it is well past time that you grew up and stopped acting reflexively. If the President is to bring this Republic safely to shore now, he needs an intelligentsia, what LaRouche used to call worker intellectuals and their allies, builders and producers, schooled in actual American history, economics, and the Renaissance tradition of Classical science and art from which this Republic emerged. He needs a citizenry passionately dedicated to the pursuit of truth, not the sophistries invented by the spin doctors for today’s water cooler agenda and phony opinion polls.

It’s our job to make the economic metric the President proposed at Davos, reviving the actual American System of political economy, and the cultural optimism he underlined as the heart of this process, a reality, starting now. This is the means to right the ship of state. And there is every reason to believe we can. Voices as diverse as Tucker Carlson’s are now echoing aspects of LaRouche’s science of political economy. A few days ago, Carlson noted that the right economic imperatives were simple: The candidate who can come up with a means of enabling young people to have children—implying access to well-paying and purposeful jobs, creating a true belief in the future—will win the next election.

The Five Biggest Lies of the First Four Days

Here are the five biggest and most important lies that have emerged in the impeachment trial to date, and which will continue as the Democrats weave their “narrative” through Friday, while the Republicans, so far at least, “deflect,” rather than telling the whole truth.

1. The President compromised national security by withholding aid to Ukraine. In reality, the President was correct in his initial position of not wanting to have anything to do with Ukraine. In reality, everyone who testified that the President compromised national security by withholding aid, even for a few weeks, is, beneath their three-piece suits, bow ties, and State Department and CIA lingo, a fanatic who is courting war with Russia and China on behalf of entrenched, incompetent, and delusional banking and other elites.

2. The President denied aid to an ally in a time of war against the Russians, and we have to fight the Russians in Ukraine so that we don’t have to fight them here. Ukraine is not yet a member of NATO, although those testifying against the President in this impeachment proceeding are hell-bent on bringing that about, despite warnings that this represents an existential threat to Russia on its western border. The Russians never “invaded” Eastern Ukraine and are not there now. The problem in Eastern Ukraine is a civil war, caused by the determination of the neo-Nazis, brought to power in the coup the Obama Administration conducted, to ethnically cleanse the area of any pro-Russian sentiment—an area which is, historically, Russian. The 15,000 casualties cited by the Jacobin Democrats in their presentations are the product of this ethnic cleansing operation.

Ukrainian Right Sector thugs.

Azov News

The Azov Regiment of Ukraine’s National Guard.

Gage Skidmore

Joe Biden

CC/Aimaina Hikari

Rioters in Kiev, Ukraine.

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This nonsense is part of a continuing drive to prevent Trump from collaborating with Presidents Putin and Xi Jinping to ease tensions in the world, particularly in the world’s hot spots, like the Middle East, and to establish a new financial architecture for the world, serving large-scale economic development. That is what Russiagate and the current drive to demonize China have been about.

3. The “scandal” about the Bidens in Ukraine is solely about Hunter Biden’s role in the Ukrainian gas company, Burisma, and Joe Biden’s role in getting his son’s putative prosecutor fired. That is only a minuscule portion of it. Barack Obama and Joe Biden and Victoria Nuland and John Brennan and Christopher Steele and other components of British and NATO intelligence, and the Ukrainian World Congress, the Ukrainian Congressional Committee of America, and various Ukrainian officials, all illegally sought to defeat Donald Trump, the candidate, by smearing him as a Manchurian candidate, a Russian agent.

They then proceeded to instigate the ongoing coup against the President. They were all, also, up to their ears in the 2014 coup or color revolution in Ukraine which brought actual neo-Nazis into power, under U.S. and British sponsorship. They are using the “whole of nation” information warfare operations first employed in the 2014 Ukraine coup and subsequent civil war, to make Donald Trump a hated and reviled figure to be deposed in a “bloodless” revolution.

CC/Anna Bezulik

Ihor Kolomoisky

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Joe Biden was the modern-day viceroy of this operation. Some of the mass shooters who have inflicted terror, subsequently, throughout the world, trained with the neo-Nazi Azov Battalion financed by Ukrainian oligarch Ihor Kolomoisky, who also simply stole millions of dollars in U.S. aid through a scheme in his Privat Bank, the actual owner of Burisma. Kolomoisky played a huge role in President Volodymyr Zelensky’s rise to power. That is what President Trump is referring to in the famous July 25 phone call during which he said that he understood that Zelensky was surrounded by corrupt people.

4. The President did something wrong. As the President says, read the transcript of the July 25 call. What Rep. Adam Schiff and others are saying is that Trump speaks in coded language and his plain words do not mean what they say. Schiff’s narrative is a bizarre, self-feeding conspiracy theory in which reality is simply subverted, in favor of derogatory and deliberately inflammatory Manichean tropes and memes. The constant barrage and absorption of the products of this information warfare campaign, induces a state of infantile rage in its consumers, a cartoon-like distorted version of reality in which profound satisfaction is gained from simply rooting for the “good guys.”

5. The public is entitled to hear more facts and witnesses, and anything less is a coverup. The coverup is, in reality, about how and why this entire bogus proceeding came about. During the national nightmare of Special Counsel Robert Mueller’s inquiry, the President waived executive privilege and turned over millions of documents, voluntarily, even allowing the White House counsel to be interviewed. Mueller came up empty, opening the way to a clear shot at investigating those responsible for the illegal attempt to prevent Donald Trump’s election and the ongoing coup against him. Ukrainegate began the very day after Mueller flopped in his testimony to Congress.

A big part of understanding the operations against Trump, and the Presidency itself, lies in what happened in Ukraine from 2014 forward. Ukrainegate, at a minimum, is designed to ensure that that history remains completely hidden from the public.

The Senate Judiciary Committee should launch an immediate effort to declassify all documents pertaining to the Ukraine coup and subsequent efforts to subvert the Trump candidacy and presidency. A key aspect of this is obtaining testimony from the so-called whistleblower, whose complaint started Ukrainegate, and key RESIST members associated with Congressman Adam Schiff.

The whistleblower was on Joe Biden’s staff during the Ukraine coup and in its aftermath. He stayed on in the Trump National Security Council. He openly bragged, along with a close associate on the NSC, that he was going to find a way to “take the President out” as far back as 2017.

That associate, together with the whistleblower and key individuals from the Obama Justice Department’s National Security Division—up to their ears in the Russiagate hoax—fabricated Ukrainegate. Two of the whistleblower’s former NSC associates, others involved in the Russiagate hoax, and the head of the DOJ’s National Security Division as the Russiagate hoax was spawned, now work for Adam Schiff. The Intelligence Community’s Inspector General, Michael Atkinson, who kicked off Ukrainegate by crediting the bogus whistleblower’s complaint, is the former counsel to Mary McCord, who headed the DOJ National Security Division and now works for Schiff.

—barbara@lpac-organizers.com

Mike Bloomberg: The Dossier

by Barbara Boyd

Left: EIRNS/Will Mederski; right: Creative Commons

Left: Mike Bloomberg; right: Governor of the Bank of England Mark Carney

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Jan. 22—As the impeachment trial of President Donald Trump gets underway, it is now possible to clearly see the overall strategy of the world’s globalist oligarchy that is determined to remove him from office and swallow any remaining independence of the United States in the process. That strategy consists of (1) a drawn-out impeachment proceeding challenging the very premises of the U.S. Constitution and its presidential and electoral system, (2) a continuous mobilization of extant imperial assets in the Middle East and in other world hotspots to pull Trump into another endless war, and (3) the use of a wall of billions of dollars in cash to fund information warfare and political profiling operations, centered in the campaign of Michael Bloomberg.

The immediate context for this attack is—as it has been—the coming, inevitable implosion of the fatally flawed present world financial system, centered in the City of London and Wall Street, and a President of the United States who is a builder and refuses to go along with the financiers’ plans to once again preserve their wealth at the expense of the world’s citizens, particularly its workers, whose benefit and creative potential Donald Trump insists must be at the center of all economic policies.

Following the collapse of 2007-2008, the world’s financial oligarchs have toyed with various options for maintaining their power following the next necessary bailout. The mass strike which resulted from the collapse and the 2008 bankers’ bailout, resulted in both Donald Trump’s election and Brexit, existential threats to their system which they have already gone to war to reverse.

These oligarchs have clearly chosen to sell the myth of environmental catastrophe known as global warming in order to impose the type of austerity and genocidal regimes necessary to preserve their holdings and power as their system undergoes its inevitable new collapse. Brainwashed and labile youth sold on the idea of an imminent climate apocalypse, and adult populations wedded to fixed, polarized, and manipulable identities in “left” and “right” political positions will be the political shock troops for their intended massive reordering of the world’s economies.

In two speeches, one at Jackson Hole, Wyoming on August 22, 2019 and a second at the UN on September 23, Mark Carney—the current governor of the Bank of England and erstwhile partner of Michael Bloomberg in all of the oligarchy’s green financial “regime change” operations—openly called for a central bankers’ dictatorship over the financial system and the economies of the entire world. According to Carney and Bloomberg, overcoming the climate emergency requires that central bankers control all financial outlays without government intervention. All investments must be green; otherwise no credit will be issued for them. At Jackson Hole, Carney proposed to replace the dollar with a new synthetic digital currency.

His collaborator in instituting financial regime change as the result of climate hysteria, BlackRock, the world’s largest hedge fund, seconded Carney’s program to replace the dollar, by proposing that central bankers should be the world’s financial dictators, immune from influence by governments or politicians.

This report will elucidate exactly who Michael Bloomberg is and who he represents, a necessary step in eliminating the threat of a central bankers’ proposed dictatorship and similar schemes. The actual path to victory lies, however, in the more profound issue: the principled form of a solution to the impending collapse of the system that Bloomberg is tasked to preserve at all costs.

Bloomberg and his friends are now very weak. They are pessimists who can only declaim against imminent disaster while the U.S. now has a president who insists on building and the optimism that generates. The solutions embodied in Lyndon LaRouche’s “Four Laws to Save the U.S.A. Now!” for economic recovery are now really on the table, ready to be taken up and implemented now that the enemy is so exposed. And the answer, just like Franklin Roosevelt’s overturning of Wall Street’s attempted military coup against him, lies in this President’s propensity to adopt this program by taking it directly to the people in 2020.

Left: SCID/Pan Asia Conference; right: EIRNS/Dan Sturman

Left: George Shultz; right: Felix Rohatyn

Edward Reed

Mayor of New York, Michael Bloomberg (right) with his friend, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, before touring the carbon trading floor at Credit Suisse in New York City on October 16, 2006.

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Bloomberg’s Mercenary Army

Mike Bloomberg is proposing to personally spend $2 billion or more to win the Democratic nomination for the Presidency. That is on top of the estimated $8 billion he has already spent since he first began his tryout for the Presidency with his three terms as mayor of New York City as the conscious champion of Wall Street, selling the wonders of data driven government by a billionaire technician—himself. During that entire time, Bloomberg was busy buying up Democratic constituency organizations and traditional Republican and Democratic politicians alike, first in New York, and then nationally.

He flirted with a presidential campaign in 2008, building the national infrastructure for the campaign he has now undertaken. He was openly supported by Wall Street, the City of London, George Shultz and his poodle, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and the éminence grise of popularizing deadly austerity regimes, Felix Rohatyn.

Bloomberg decided not to run in the midst of the financial collapse and as Barack Obama ascended as the preferred London candidate. After all, the arrogant technician, barely capable of talking to actual people, was hardly the man to pacify a population prepared, as Obama said, to use “pitchforks” on Bloomberg’s constituency on Wall Street. It did not help that Bloomberg’s “significant other” Diane Taylor, had been New York’s Banking Superintendent during the time a large portion of the 2007-2008 bubble was built, whose responsibility it was, technically, to prevent just such a thing from happening.

Bloomberg’s building of his mercenary political army has accelerated since he left office in 2014, as he devoted full time to the environmental fascism, financial regime operation, for which he serves as a primary spokesman along with the City of London’s Mark Carney. As a sideline, he has also provided huge funding to those determined to abolish the Second Amendment and end the right of citizens to bear arms in order to protect themselves.

The oligarchy’s scheme envisions very rich technicians, in the persons of the world’s central bankers themselves, presiding over populations who willingly accept austerity and massive population reduction on behalf of the greater good of Planet Earth. Under a rigorous surveillance and censorship regime, targeted infusions of cash, drugs, pornography, entertainment, and—in the last resort—private armies, will quell any dissent.

Since formally announcing his candidacy, Bloomberg has not only bought $248 million in television ads, he has set up his own digital campaign company, Hawkfish, staffed massively by Facebook and other Silicon Valley data veterans, and he has hired over 1,000 experienced professional campaign staffers deployed on the ground in the battleground states which will determine the election.

Most of the nation’s big city mayors have already received generous funding from Bloomberg’s philanthropies, inclusive of the American Cities Climate Challenge, his Beyond Carbon Campaign, and other initiatives directed at cash-starved cities and local governments. In his mind, through the mayors, he has bought an extant and powerful voter turnout machine. Thus, Bloomberg’s deployment of forces already dwarfs that of most full-fledged general election presidential campaigns.

On Martin Luther King’s birthday this year, Bloomberg announced a $70 billion plan aimed at buying the black vote by promising a reparations type program aimed, he says, at increasing black employment, and black home and business ownership in impoverished districts throughout the country. The plan was announced in Tulsa, Oklahoma’s Greenwood District, once dubbed the “black Wall Street.” It is the site of one of the most horrible racist incidents in American history, an attack by whites on a prosperous black population in 1921 that killed more than 200 black people, injured many others, and burnt many black-owned businesses to the ground.

In typical Bloomberg fashion, this proposed glitzy cash payoff is designed to overcome the fact that he presided over New York City’s infamous “stop and frisk” continuous police attack on that city’s black population while mayor. His cash apology tour seeks to erase that phase of Bloomberg’s political career from popular memory.

Defeating Trump Takes Precedence

Bloomberg’s electoral strategy skips the initial primaries in Iowa, New Hampshire, and South Carolina in favor of the March 3 Super Tuesday primaries when 1,345 delegates will be awarded—34% of the delegates who will determine the party nominee. In the front-loaded Democratic calendar, almost all of the large states will have voted by April 28, electing the vast majority of convention delegates.

It is doubtful that Bloomberg’s wall of cash and bought people will be able to circumvent his obnoxious history and personality, and propel his personal candidacy. His primary purpose does not lie there. It is, rather, to profile Donald Trump’s constituency totally and completely, probing for weaknesses, while developing themes and on-the-ground turnout for the Democratic presidential nominee as well as Democratic candidates for the House and Senate. As he said while endorsing Hillary Clinton at the Democratic Convention in 2016, he is willing to do anything to defeat Donald Trump.

A Very Old Witch’s Brew

In November 1940, the Coordinator of Information (COI), the predecessor of the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS), prepared a classified report titled “Synarchie and the Policy of the Banque Worms Group.” The three-page confidential report began:

In recent reports, there have been several references to the growing political power of the Banque Worms group in France, which includes among its members such ardent Nazi collaborationists as Pucheu, Benoist-Méchin, Le Roy-Ladurie, Bouthillier, and representatives of the big French industrial organizations.

The report continued:

The reactionary movement known as Synarchie has been in existence in France for nearly a century. Its aim has always been to carry out a bloodless revolution, inspired by the upper classes, aimed at producing a form of government by “technicians” (the founder of the movement was a “polytechnician”), under which home and foreign policy would be subordinated to international economy. The aims of the Banque Worms group are the same as those of Synarchie, and the leaders of the two groups are, in most cases, identical.

Further exposés of the Synarchist International were provided in William Langer’s 1947 work, Our Vichy Gamble, and James Stewart Martin’s work, All Honorable Men, published in 1950. U.S. Army intelligence files from the war include one labeled, “Synarchy: Nazi-Communist,” identifying a private mercenary intelligence operation emanating from France, utilizing both political labels as cover, and planning attacks on the United States.

These and similar accounts reflected a deep understanding, within U.S. governing institutions of the time, that a top-down international financial oligarchy had been the chief sponsors of the Nazi and Fascist regimes that brought war and devastation to the Eurasian continent in a failed effort to create a post-Westphalian world without sovereign nation states, run by an international bankers’ dictatorship. Remember this when you are bombarded with Bloomberg’s endlessly repeated campaign theme, “Mike Will Get It Done.” As with Mussolini, the trains will run on time, but the republic will be lost.

EIR and LaRouche PAC have studied both Michael Bloomberg and the international Synarchy ever since Bloomberg began his political climb by buying the office of Mayor of New York City. We have published numerous articles on both. Our aim here is only to recount the most salient aspects of that extant dossier.

Mike Bloomberg 2020

Bloomberg’s campaign advertises, “Mike Will Get It Done.”

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The Mayor from Wall Street and London

Bloomberg made his initial millions as a stock trader and partner at Solomon Brothers, the infamous Wall Street firm profiled for its gross perfidies in Michael Lewis’s famous book, Liar’s Poker. Deemed too arrogant and obnoxious for even this gang of thieves, Bloomberg was banished to the lead role in the firm’s IT department before being axed entirely. He left with a hefty severance package and plans to computerize Wall Street trading, providing instant access to financial operations and data. Starting with an initial sale to Merrill Lynch, Bloomberg’s proprietary computer terminals were adopted by financial houses all over the world as necessities. That is the primary source of his billions.

Since college, Bloomberg has declared himself worthy of three roles in life: President of the United States, President of the World Bank, or Secretary General of the United Nations. At five foot seven, the inevitable comparisons to Napoleon and Mussolini—who were exactly the same height and evinced and acted upon similar grand visions of themselves—have followed.

Joyce Purnick’s Bloomberg biography, Mike Bloomberg: Money, Power, Politics, provides more than adequate dirt for any opposition research effort focused on scandal. If you read it, it seems she is constantly holding back the full extent of what she has learned because she herself wants continued access. It still bursts forth, every once and awhile, in devastating vignettes.

Bloomberg began preparing his first campaign for Mayor in 1997, well before the 2001 election which would choose Rudy Giuliani’s successor, by announcing it in one of the two publications he reads regularly, the City of London’s Financial Times. Demonstrative of his rabid Anglophilia, his other regular read is The Economist. According to press reports, the style book for Bloomberg News and Business Week, Bloomberg’s publishing outlets, bans the word “oligarch” from usage. Bloomberg spent an astounding $74 million to become Mayor of New York City.

Among Purnick’s revelations: Bloomberg—who divorced his first wife before he began positioning himself as a politician—is a foul-mouthed sexist whose entourage at one point kept him surrounded because he would repeatedly approach women with such genteel profundities as “Nice Tits.” His company endured numerous sexual harassment lawsuits that included claims that he created a predatory and abusive environment. All resulted in payoffs and non-disclosure agreements.

He once threw a lavish party at Bloomberg’s London offices, focusing each room on celebrating one of the Seven Deadly Sins, leading with a room dedicated to “Lust.” He ruthlessly and relentlessly climbed New York’s social ladder in preparation for his campaign for mayor, enlisting and/or buying the companionship of Barbara Walters, Beverly Sills, and others, while bragging to New York magazine that socialites Annette de la Renta and Jayne Wrightsman, “see me as their boy toy.” In a 1996 Guardian interview, Bloomberg said:

Let me put it to you this way, I am a single straight billionaire in Manhattan, it’s like a wet dream.

New York for the Very, Very Rich

In undertaking the campaign, he already had the support of his Wall Street buddies, having previously sworn allegiance to their version of the City. Financiers Michael Steinberg, Michael Steinhardt, and Steven Rattner were all close confidants and supporters of Bloomberg. The dean of Wall Street, the recently deceased Felix Rohatyn, had been promoting Bloomberg’s political aspirations throughout his preparations to run for mayor. As fully documented in EIR, Rohatyn, along with George Shultz, have been the American faces of the international Synarchy from the cultural paradigm shift of the 1960s forward.

Bloomberg spent a cool million or more to buy the ballot line of the Independence Party of Fred Newman and Lenora Fulani, who, it has been claimed by former members, led a sex cult under the guise of providing psychotherapy to minorities. He changed his own party registration from Democrat to Republican in order to avoid a primary. The alleged sex cult’s ballot line proved to be the margin of victory in his first race. Due to the events of September 11, 2001, the day the election was originally scheduled, he also got additional time to organize amid a newly panicked population.

On the heels of 9/11, The Partnership for the City of New York, led by Rohatyn and the Rockefeller Foundation, along with New York’s financial and social elite, moved in to buy anything or anybody Bloomberg had not already purchased. They forged plans for a new financial district after the attacks and a new regime for the city. The Partnership provided all of Bloomberg’s marching orders, creating in effect two cities—the glitzy high-end home to aspiring world financial players and “luxury” capital of the world, and outer boroughs condemned to poverty. Lower Manhattan and Midtown were rezoned and rebuilt, the Upper West Side and Harlem were gentrified, as were areas of Brooklyn and Queens. The rest of the city, like “flyover country” in the United States, was largely abandoned, although Bloomberg did build housing which most could not afford.

Education, healthcare, and city services were all massively privatized while Bloomberg bought off any viable opposition through selected charitable contributions. The city became the province of the very, very rich, and the very, very poor, as its middle class largely fled. The press, with the exception of small outlets, was largely a Bloomberg praise club.

War on the Poor and the Black

Bloomberg rode a steady stream of small popular innovations, all heralded by the press, similar to Bill Clinton’s triangulation strategies for maintaining popular approval in Clinton’s second term. A 311 telephone system, for example, allowed citizens to talk to and complain directly to the government. Bloomberg ruled from an open office, which was touted as “transparent.” The resemblance to Clinton is not accidental. Steinberg, Steinhart, Rattner, etc.—Bloomberg’s crony Wall Street group—were all adherents of the Democratic Leadership Council and the Third Way of London’s satanic Tony Blair—both major and corrosive influences on Bill Clinton. Despite polling very favorably and having no viable opponents for his second term, Bloomberg nonetheless spent $84 million to secure four more years as mayor. At that point, however, the hyped facade began to fray; the fakery began to be exposed.

Bloomberg’s much-heralded takeover of the public schools was based on the drill and grill of George W. Bush’s failed No Child Left Behind program as well as privatization vouchers and charter schools funded by Wall Street’s noblesse oblige impulses. While it was claimed that test scores in math and science improved, Diane Ravitch, Sol Stern, and other critics demonstrated that Bloomberg’s claimed improvements were largely fraudulent. His massive rezoning and housing programs turned out to benefit only the wealthy. Bloomberg praised that result, noting that he wanted to attract the very rich “in order to pay for everything else.” By the end of his reign, New York City had 400,000 millionaires with over half of the rest of the population living at or below the poverty line. Homelessness surged to over 62,000 while Bloomberg simultaneously cut the programs designed to serve the homeless.

A ruthless policing policy targeted on minorities that might object to Bloomberg’s policies, was used to keep the peace. While Rudy Giuliani started the stop-and-frisk racial profiling and harassment operations, they surged under Bloomberg. In 2002, there were 100,000 stops associated with the program. Under Bloomberg, there were 700,000 such stops in 2011, with more African Americans stopped than the entire population of African Americans in New York City. The population of the city’s brutal jail, Rikers Island, surged.

Beginning in 2006, nonetheless, Bloomberg began to prepare to run for President, this time as an Independent. He stepped in to salvage the Senate re-election campaign of Joseph Lieberman, who was running on Dick Cheney’s straight permanent-war-and-dictatorship platform, also as an Independent. He began courting “independent” politicians throughout the country, including Oklahoma’s former Governor, David Boren, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, George Shultz, Governor Ed Rendell of Pennsylvania, and similar figures.

www.gov.ca.gov

Beginning in 2006, Michael Bloomberg (far right) began gathering “independent” support for a 2008 Presidential bid. Shown with him are (l. to r.): Judith Rodin, President of the Rockefeller Foundation; Pennsylvania Gov. Ed Rendell; and California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger.

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Rupert Murdoch began to sell the Bloomberg candidacy in London and New York accompanied by major puff pieces in the New York Times and Washington Post. With the financial collapse looming, the come-on of the planned campaign was supposed to be green technology and using private/public partnerships to rebuild the nation’s infrastructure, creating thousands of new jobs. In reality, the scheme would only create a new and vast income stream for Wall Street and the City of London. In an article for the Financial Times on December 7, 2007, however, Bloomberg further exposed his hand, saying that in the wake of the looming collapse, America must avoid protectionism at all costs.

Both Rohatyn and Bloomberg attacked FDR’s recovery policies as “outdated,” including, obviously, Glass-Steagall banking separation. These arguments from the financial oligarchs were not new. After all, George Shultz’s doctoral thesis had been a ruthless attack on Roosevelt’s TVA, one of history’s greatest uses of infrastructure and technology to lift thousands out of poverty. Why? Because it used government credit as its funding mechanism. Boiled down, their edict is simple: The present globalist financial system must be preserved at all costs.

Nonetheless, as the full weight of the collapse dawned on the money masters of London and Wall Street, Bloomberg hardly seemed the instrument to calm popular outrage—Barack Obama, in their view, was that man. Bloomberg’s marching orders were to concentrate on ensuring continued survival of New York City itself as financial calamity hit. Employing $106 million, Bloomberg was able to overturn the term limits law and secure, barely, a third term. A series of outright governing disasters followed with the Deutsche Bank fire scandal, failure to clear the streets in the December 2010 blizzard, and the disastrous response to Hurricane Sandy in which damaged infrastructure and housing were never, ultimately, repaired.

Champion of the Extinction Rebellion and Putative Fourth Reich

Bloomberg’s disastrous third term ended in 2014, and he immediately plunged into renewed activities on behalf of oligarchy’s green fascism scheme, using his Bloomberg Foundation and its funds to lead the charge. The basic idea was to make “sustainable” or green requirements mandatory for any issuance of credit or investment internationally. As Mark Carney was to put it a few years later, if you don’t comply, “your business will cease to exist.”

Bloomberg and the Rockefeller Foundation set up the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board to establish “green standards” across U.S. industries and with the SEC, so that climate risk or meeting sustainable goals will be included on all 10K and similar instruments. At the same time, Bloomberg established a partnership with Tom Steyer and Hank Paulson, the former Treasury Secretary and primary author of the 2008 bailout, in the Risky Business Project. That project is mapping the “risk” of climate change across industries in the U.S. with the obvious goal of ending investment in “non-compliant” industries.

Bloomberg had already put $650 million into the Sierra Club’s Beyond Coal campaign, targeting the complete elimination of that fuel source in the U.S. Also in 2014, Bloomberg received his knighthood from the Queen while scouting for a second home in London, completing that multimillion dollar purchase in 2015.

On September 29, 2015, Bank of England Governor Mark Carney, the guy who four years later would openly called for a bankers’ dictatorship at Jackson Hole, Wyoming, made a speech at a City of London dinner conducted in an august “room” at Lloyd’s of London, with the weird and, frankly, occult title, “Breaking the Tragedy of the Horizon—Climate Change and Financial Stability.” Since at least 2013, Carney, labeled the “most powerful man in the financial world,” had been regularly conferring with Prince Charles about how to impose the green fascist reorganization of the world’s finances. In his Lloyd’s speech, he called for all property and supplies to be managed with the purported future impact of climate change determining the control points.

Yes, It’s Synarchy

At the time of his Lloyd’s speech, Carney was not only the head of the Bank of England—a core bank of the Synarchy in and before World War II—he was also the head of the Financial Stability Board. The FSB, in turn was a major project of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). The BIS, created in 1930, is the central bank of central banks, and became the international center of the Synarchy in the critical interwar years that spawned the Nazis and fascists. See the EIR article, “The Bank for International Fascism.”

In the wake of the 2008 financial collapse, the FSB was set up by the BIS to assess and make recommendations to ensure the stability and survival of the present international financial system. Mark Carney authored the various bail-in policies which will govern the next financial collapse, internationally. Under that policy, depositors, not governments, will be required to bail out bankrupt banks. The banks will survive; their depositors will not.

Gage Skidmore

Self-esteemed wunderkind Michael Bloomberg.

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In December of 2015, Mark Carney invited Mike Bloomberg to head a new task force under the FSB on “Climate-Related Financial Disclosures.” The task force includes the world’s biggest hedge funds, such as BlackRock; the world’s too-big-to-fail banks, like JP Morgan Chase and Barclays; HSBC, the dope money laundering bank; insurance mega-firms such as Swiss Re; and longstanding Anglo-Dutch entities like Unilever; along with a few well-known environmental fanatics, such as Al Gore’s partner, David Blood. Again, the intention was to set the standards by which the world’s finances are to be run—if these people get their way.

Similarly, the City of London itself launched its own Green Finance Initiative in January 2016, specifically targeting green finance standards for large-scale infrastructure projects, inclusive of China’s great Belt and Road project.

As EIR’s Paul Gallagher has reported, Mark Carney was so flipped out by Brexit, and its impact on his scheme to launch a new Fourth Reich from London, that he used his official Bank of England post to publicly campaign against the referendum. He wildly claimed that it would cause a recession. Mike Bloomberg, similarly, called Brexit, “the most stupid thing a people could ever have done.”

When then Prime Minister Theresa May questioned Carney’s “super low” interest rates and their awful impact on common people who saved their money, while benefiting only the rich, Carney shot back:

The policies are done by technocrats. We are not going to take instruction on our policies from the political side.

Exactly the recipe of the Synarchy. Exactly the selling point of Mike Bloomberg’s disastrous reign in New York City. Is it any wonder that these people are dead set on destroying Donald Trump, who, as the head of the most powerful nation in the world, openly opposes them and declares his loyalty to the common and forgotten men and women?

—barbara@lpac-organizers.com

BOOK REVIEW

You Won’t ‘Jump-Start America’ Without the American System and The Moon-Mars Mission

by Paul Gallagher

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Jump-Starting America: How Breakthrough Science Can Revive Economic Growth and the American Dream

by Jonathan Gruber and Simon Johnson

New York: Public Affairs Books, 2019

Hardcover, 340 pages, $28.00

Jan. 28—The thesis of this new book-length economic policy proposal is that the American economy thrives when Federal funding of research and development is at a high level, and is concentrated on universities; then a lot of private capital is attracted by the new-technology start-up companies emerging from all this R&D. Its basic starting point of argument is that from the end of the 1930s until the early 1970s, Federal R&D funding was equal to 2% of the nation’s gross domestic product, whereas since the mid-1970s funding has fallen steadily, and dramatically, to 0.7% of GDP.

This is true as far as it goes, which, in the hands of these two MIT Sloan School economist authors, is not far at all. Something has been “spruced up,” made politically correct, even swept under the rug here, in order to produce a “recipe” for America’s supposed future progress, which does not require Congress do any of the kinds of hard things JFK said “we do because they are hard,” nor any real Presidency to lead them to do it. Nor is it mentioned that the American people need to fight for any changes in policies. This book assumes that reasonable discussion of options, among the elites in government and academia, will be sufficient.

MAGA, by and for the Elites,

at War with MAGA

For co-author Simon Johnson—London School of Economics-trained, former chief economist of the International Monetary Fund—the book is a definite step back from the image he presented immediately after the 2007-08 financial crash. Then, he often publicly sympathized with restoring the Glass-Steagall Act, and wrote a book in 2010, 13 Bankers: The Wall Street Takeover and the Next Financial Meltdown, espousing the necessity of breaking up the biggest Wall Street banks to take down their unholy power over American politics. But in Jump-Starting America, Wall Street and bank regulation are never mentioned, let alone required for the “jump-start”; nor is anything proposed or discussed to “prevent the next financial meltdown.”

Perhaps having had some government commissions during the Obama Administration, Johnson has been reassured that the next financial meltdown has been avoided by a decade of the zero- and negative-interest-rate policy of the major central banks. But in that case the authors should deal with the connection of these central bank policies to something they complain much about—the long and very serious drop in productivity growth, wage growth, and business investment.

The Power for the Starter Cables

Jump-Starting America is absolutely full of data cited from literally hundreds of academic and government studies, made over half a century, of the U.S. economy since World War II. If you want an encyclopedic index of such more and less useful studies, get the book.

Alexander Hamilton, in a portrait by Daniel Huntington, 1865.

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But if you, as a citizen taking responsibility for the nation’s future, want to understand what needs to be done to revive rapid scientific and technological progress driving the American economy, then you need to grasp the “American System of economy.” Flowing from Alexander Hamilton’s work, the American System has been the best means of firmly linking liberty for the individual’s creativity, with the pursuit of happiness of the many, including above all the worker, the farmer, the businessman. It is also integrally linked with the national mission—in Hamilton’s day, the industrialization of the nation, and in our own, human colonization of Mars. The late Lyndon LaRouche was the greatest of self-described American System economists.

Donald Trump is the first President in more than a century to have made speeches dealing with the “American System”—of, as he put it, “Alexander Hamilton, Henry Clay, and Abraham Lincoln.” This book, however, is a complete stranger to it, and seems to be looking for a near future without President Trump, since it does not mention him.

What is of real interest in this book? First, the State University of Central Florida (UCF), in and around Orlando. Late in Jump-Starting America, in illustrating their thesis that America needs university-centered research parks all over the country, the authors devote an entire chapter to the University of Central Florida as the best model of what they mean. Though only 40 years old, this university has more students on campus, 67,000, than any other in the United States—60% more than Florida State University established 160 years ago. It is surrounded by scientific institutes and companies spun off by its research.

UCF-centered scientists and engineers make it the United States center—perhaps the world center—of the simulation industry. Simulation of a jet fighter’s performance characteristics, of mining materials on the Moon, of the behavior of hurricanes and tornados, and a thousand other examples. The university’s logo is Pegasus, the winged horse of mythology, symbolizing unlimited possibilities.

Central Florida University’s Harris Corporation Engineering Center in Orlando opened in 2006.

FLJuJitsu

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And UCF is purely a product of the United States space exploration mission, specifically the Gemini/Apollo Project launched in 1961 by President John F. Kennedy. Founded in 1963, opened in early 1968 as Florida Technological University, it had the mission of providing personnel to support the growing U.S. space program at the Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on Florida’s Space Coast. It is a “space grant university,” and now administers the NASA Florida Space Grant Consortium, which also supports work at Florida State University in Tallahassee.

The NASA origin is merely mentioned once in the authors’ long paean to UCF, and curiously they get the founding date wrong, putting it in the late 1970s. No, it was founded virtually with Project Apollo, and still calls itself “space university.” On the 50th anniversary of Apollo 11 last July, the university’s website proclaimed, “for those who dream of space, UCF is the place”—although because NASA’s budget has shrunk so much in real terms while defense spending has become huge, the many small and medium-sized companies around UCF now look more to navy and other military contracts in simulation and related fields.

UCF and Orlando, then, is Johnson’s and Gruber’s model for what they call for—“new tech hubs” around the nation, away from just the Silicon Valleys of the coasts, with new city growth around them. But when they come, in their conclusion, to recommend foci for all the Federally funded R&D they want, the science-driver new frontier missions of the American System of economy are missing. A crash program of space exploration through a Moon-Mars mission is not mentioned; neither is an all-out push for fusion power.

JFK Library

President John Kennedy and astronaut John Glenn inspect the interior of Project Mercury’s Friendship 7 space capsule at Cape Canaveral, Florida on February 23, 1962.

Robert Knudsen

President Kennedy getting a briefing on a mock-up of a Gemini space capsule from astronaut Gus Grissom, during an inspection tour of the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, Texas, on September 12, 1962.

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That Other Bush

What else is interesting here? Vannevar Bush, the MIT engineer and inventor who headed the U.S. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), through which almost all military R&D was carried out during and after World War II, is the primary subject of the opening 20-25% of Jump-Starting America. The continuing importance through today, of the developments Bush’s committee launched in relativistic, or “speed-of-light” beam technologies, starting with radar and then atomic physics technologies with the Manhattan Project recommended by Bush, can’t be overemphasized.

From the standpoint of human productivity, these revolutions are more important than the transistor/computer development that they forced. That path of computer development has “survived,” while the frontiers of nuclear, laser, and laser-like technologies have been abandoned, and space technologies have been largely downgraded to becoming “IT,” the be-all and end-all of the so-called “fourth industrial revolution,” information technology. Johnson and Gruber acknowledge, as do some other economists led by Robert Gordon, that this “fourth industrial revolution” has not had the productivity-driver effects of previous technological advances.

But here again, with Vannevar Bush, the authors leave out the American System, and the critical importance in it of the strong American Presidency. The President Roosevelt who put Bush in charge of the R&D missions of the mobilization for World War II, gave him essentially a blank check to fund it and took the advice of his committee. He was America’s last real American System president, until Trump’s wish to be another. The legacy of Hamilton was important in Franklin D. Roosevelt’s family; he had done his thesis on it at Harvard. FDR built America’s revolutionary electric power infrastructure before ever meeting Vannevar Bush, without which the latter’s engineering frontiers would not have been translated into military and then economic power.

Vannevar Bush headed the Office of Scientific Research and Development, through which almost all military R&D was carried out during and after World War II.

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Interesting, finally, is the complete absence of another American System “ghost,” the Bretton Woods System. Johnson and Gruber constantly cite data, in study after study, showing that America’s economy and its people relatively thrived from World War II to the early 1970s, and then started a long decline. But they never once refer to the Bretton Woods system of money and credit Roosevelt launched in 1944. That system was destroyed by City of London bankers’ sabotage over years, and finally deep-sixed by Richard Nixon in 1971, when he broke the dollar from a gold reserve. Until then, while the Bretton Woods system of stable currencies and productive credit was maintained, the industrial countries averaged 4% economic growth per year for 25 years, a rate rarely achieved by any industrial country for any one year since the replacement of Bretton Woods by today’s system of floating exchange rates.

CPDOC/GV

President Franklin Roosevelt promoted his Good Neighbor Policy toward Latin American nations before World War II. Here he is (r.) having lunch with President Getúlio Vargas of Brazil, in Rio de Janeiro, 1936.

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The LaRouche Political Action Committee in a nine-minute video shows that the City of London’s destruction of the Bretton Woods system set off the decades of deindustrialization, speculation and impoverishment which followed. And EIR recently showed again, in the article, “Roosevelt’s Bold Creation of the Anti-Entropic Bretton Woods System,” FDR’s American System policy of fostering the skills and power of labor with technological and infrastructural drivers for the economy, starting with his “Good Neighbor” policy toward Latin American nations before World War II. This then became his proposed international policy for the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference.

How Johnson and Gruber manage to avoid even a mention of Bretton Woods, in their attempt to draw the arc of the “economic shape” of the entire post-War American economy, would seem mysterious. But it coheres with their claim of knowing how to “jump-start America” without breaking up Wall Street banks, and without establishing any national credit institution for high-technology industrial frontiers and new economic infrastructure.